Airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammation, and pulmonary emphysema in rodent models designed to mimic exposure to fuel oil-derived volatile organic compounds encountered during an experimental oil spill
Amor-Carro, Óscar (Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau)
White, K.M. (Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña)
Fraga-Iriso, Rebeca (Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau)
Mariñas-Pardo, L.A. (Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña)
Núñez-Naveira, L. (Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña)
Lema-Costa, B. (Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña)
Villarnovo, M. (Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña)
Verea-Hernando, H. (Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña)
Ramos-Barbón, David (Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau)
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

Fecha:	2020
Resumen:	Fuel oil-derived volatile organic compounds (VOCs) inhalation is associated with accidental marine spills. After the Prestige petroleum tanker sank off northern Spain in 2002 and the Deepwater Horizon oil rig catastrophe in 2009, subjects involved in environmental decontamination showed signs of ongoing or residual lung disease up to 5 y after the exposure. We aimed at investigating mechanisms driving persistent respiratory disease by developing an animal model of inhalational exposure to fuel oil-derived VOCs. Female Wistar and Brown Norway (BN) rats and C57BL mice were exposed to VOCs produced from fuel oil mimicking the Prestige spill. Exposed animals inhaled the VOCs 2 h daily, 5 d per week, for 3 wk. Airway responsiveness to methacholine (MCh) was assessed, and bron-choalveolar lavage (BAL) and lung tissues were analyzed after the exposure and following a 2-wk washout. Consistent with data from human studies, both strains of rats that inhaled fuel oil-derived VOCs developed airway hyperresponsiveness that persisted after the washout period, in the absence of detectable inflammation in any lung compartment. Histopathology and quantitative morphology revealed the development of peripherally distributed pulmonary emphysema, which persisted after the washout period, associated with increased alveolar septal cell apoptosis, microvascular endothelial damage of the lung parenchyma, and inhibited expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In this rat model, fuel oil VOCs inhalation elicited alveolar septal cell apoptosis, likely due to DNA damage. In turn, the development of a peculiar pulmonary emphysema pattern altered lung mechanics and caused persistent noninflammatory airway hyperresponsiveness. Such findings suggest to us that humans might also respond to VOCs through physiopathological pathways different from those chiefly involved in typical cigarette smoke-driven emphysema in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). If so, this study could form the basis for a novel disease mechanism for lasting respiratory disease following inhalational exposure to catastrophic fuel oil spills.
Ayudas:	Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo FI05/00171 Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo FI07/00399
Derechos:	Domini públic
Lengua:	Anglès
Documento:	Article ; recerca ; Versió publicada
Publicado en:	Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 128 Núm. 2 (2020) , p. 27003, ISSN 1552-9924

DOI: 10.1289/EHP4178
PMID: 32074461

14 p, 3.4 MB

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