Competition between biogeochemical drivers and land-cover changes determines urban greening or browning
Li, Long (Nanjing University. International Institute for Earth System Science)
Zhan, Wenfeng (Nanjing University. International Institute for Earth System Science)
Ju, Weimin (Nanjing University. International Institute for Earth System Science)
Peñuelas, Josep (Centre de Recerca Ecològica i d'Aplicacions Forestals)
Zhu, Zaichun (Peking University. Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School)
Peng, Shushi (Peking University. Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science)
Zhu, Xiaolin (The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics)
Liu, Zihan (Nanjing University. International Institute for Earth System Science)
Zhou, Yuyu (Iowa State University. Department of Geological and Atmospheric Sciences)
Li, Jiufeng (Nanjing University. International Institute for Earth System Science)
Lai, Jiameng (Nanjing University. International Institute for Earth System Science)
Huang, Fan (Nanjing University. International Institute for Earth System Science)
Yin, Gaofei (Southwest Jiaotong University)
Fu, Yongshuo (Beijing Normal University)
Li, Manchun (Nanjing University)
Yu, Chao (Chinese Academy of Sciences. The Aerospace Information Research Institute)

Date:	2023
Abstract:	Urban vegetation, a harbinger of future global vegetation change, is controlled by complex urban environments. The urban-rural gradient in vegetation greenness trends and their responses to biogeochemical drivers (e. g. elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration and climate warming) and land-cover changes, however, remain unclear. Here we used satellite-derived enhanced vegetation index to examine the greenness trends for 1500-plus cities in China for 2000-2019. We developed a conceptual framework to differentiate between the contributions of four key drivers to the greenness trends: two biogeochemical drivers, a background biogeochemical driver (BBD) and an urban biogeochemical driver (UBD), and two drivers of land-cover changes, urban expansion or densification (UED) and urban green recovery (UGR). We find that the greening trends gradually decreased from urban cores to urban new towns and then to browning trends in urban fringes. The significant greening in urban cores was mainly contributed by BBD (25. 6%) and UBD (52. 3%). While the minor greening in urban new towns was contributed by both BBD (33. 1%) and UBD (24. 1%) and weakened by UED (−39. 7%). The UED (−64. 4%) dominated the browning in urban fringes. These results suggest that biogeochemical drivers and land-cover changes jointly regulated the urban-rural gradient in greenness trends, which contributes to the assessment of future global vegetation change driven by complex environmental changes.
Rights:	Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, i la comunicació pública de l'obra, sempre que no sigui amb finalitats comercials, i sempre que es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original. No es permet la creació d'obres derivades.
Language:	Anglès
Document:	Article ; recerca ; Versió acceptada per publicar
Published in:	Remote sensing of environment, Vol. 287 (March 2023) , art. 113481, ISSN 0034-4257

DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2023.113481

Available from: 2025-03-31 Postprint

The record appears in these collections:
Research literature > UAB research groups literature > Research Centres and Groups (research output) > Experimental sciences > CREAF (Centre de Recerca Ecològica i d'Aplicacions Forestals)
Articles > Research articles
Articles > Published articles