What drives inequalities in Low Emission Zones' impacts on job accessibility?
Liotta, Charlotte (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals)

Fecha:	2025
Resumen:	Low-emission zones (LEZs) aim to improve urban air quality and reduce emissions but often face public opposition due to their regressive impacts on accessibility. However, the causes of these regressive impacts remain poorly understood. This study investigates the factors driving inequalities in the impacts of LEZs on job accessibility across occupational categories in eight French cities. Using ex-ante open-source data, it computes expected job accessibility losses due to LEZs per occupational category. Additionally, it provides a counterfactual decomposition of the disparities in LEZs' impacts between six drivers: ownership of polluting vehicles, workers' residences and workplaces within the LEZ, accessibility of workers' homes and workplaces via public transportation, and feasibility of active transportation modes for commuting between homes and workplaces. The findings reveal that LEZs are predominantly regressive in six out of the eight cities examined. Despite a higher concentration of high-income workers and jobs within LEZs, resulting in significant accessibility losses for this group, low-income workers bear a greater burden due to the limited availability of public transportation near their residences and workplaces, longer commutes to work, and higher shares of polluting vehicles. These findings help inform potential complementary policies to address the regressive effects of LEZs.
Nota:	Unidad de excelencia María de Maeztu CEX2019-000940-M
Derechos:	Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, i la comunicació pública de l'obra, sempre que no sigui amb finalitats comercials, i sempre que es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original. No es permet la creació d'obres derivades.
Lengua:	Anglès
Documento:	Article ; recerca ; Versió acceptada per publicar
Materia:	Low emission zones ; Transport justice ; Urban form
Publicado en:	Transport Policy, Vol. 160 (January 2025) , p. 29-41, ISSN 1879-310X

DOI: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2024.10.029

Disponible a partir de: 2027-01-31 Postprint

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