Noninvasive Electromagnetic Neuromodulation of the Central and Peripheral Nervous System for Upper-Limb Motor Strength and Functionality in Individuals with Cervical Spinal Cord Injury : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
García-Alén, Loreto (Institut Germans Trias i Pujol. Institut Guttmann)
Ros-Alsina, Aina (Institut Germans Trias i Pujol. Institut Guttmann)
Sistach-Bosch, Laura (Institut Germans Trias i Pujol. Institut Guttmann)
Wright, Mark (Institut Germans Trias i Pujol. Institut Guttmann)
Kumru, Hatice (Institut Germans Trias i Pujol. Institut Guttmann)
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

Fecha:	2024
Resumen:	(1) Background: Restoring arm and hand function is one of the priorities of people with cervical spinal cord injury (cSCI). Noninvasive electromagnetic neuromodulation is a current approach that aims to improve upper-limb function in individuals with SCI. The aim of this study is to review updated information on the different applications of noninvasive electromagnetic neuromodulation techniques that focus on restoring upper-limb functionality and motor function in people with cSCI. (2) Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were used to structure the search protocol. A systematic review of the literature was performed in three databases: the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro). (3) Results: Twenty-five studies were included: four were on transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), four on transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), two on transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSCS), ten on functional electrical stimulation (FES), four on transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), and one on neuromuscular stimulation (NMS). The meta-analysis could not be completed due to a lack of common motor or functional evaluations. Finally, we realized a narrative review of the results, which reported that noninvasive electromagnetic neuromodulation combined with rehabilitation at the cerebral or spinal cord level significantly improved upper-limb functionality and motor function in cSCI subjects. Results were significant compared with the control group when tSCS, FES, TENS, and NMS was applied. (4) Conclusions: To perform a meta-analysis and contribute to more evidence, randomized controlled trials with standardized outcome measures for the upper extremities in cSCI are needed, even though significant improvement was reported in each non-invasive electromagnetic neuromodulation study.
Derechos:	Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, la comunicació pública de l'obra i la creació d'obres derivades, fins i tot amb finalitats comercials, sempre i quan es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original.
Lengua:	Anglès
Documento:	Article de revisió ; recerca ; Versió publicada
Materia:	Cervical spinal cord injury ; Electromagnetic stimulation ; Functionality ; Motor function ; Noninvasive neuromodulation ; Upper limb
Publicado en:	Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), Vol. 24 Núm. 14 (july 2024) , p. 4695, ISSN 1424-8220

DOI: 10.3390/s24144695
PMID: 39066092

21 p, 450.0 KB

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Documentos de investigación > Documentos de los grupos de investigación de la UAB > Centros y grupos de investigación (producción científica) > Ciencias de la salud y biociencias > Institut d'Investigació en Ciencies de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP)
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