Effectiveness of the AZD1222 vaccine against COVID-19 hospitalization in Europe : final results from the COVIDRIVE test-negative case-control study
de Munter, Leonie (P95 Epidemiology and Pharmacovigilance, Leuven)
Meeraus, Wilhelmine (Medical Evidence, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, Cambridge)
Dwivedi, Akshat (P95 Epidemiology and Pharmacovigilance, Leuven)
Mitratza, Marianna (P95 Epidemiology and Pharmacovigilance, Leuven)
Wyndham-Thomas, Chloé (P95 Epidemiology and Pharmacovigilance, Leuven)
Carty, Lucy (Medical and Payor Statistics, BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, Cambridge)
Ouwens, Mario (Medical and Payor Statistics, BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, Mölndal)
Hartig-Merkel, Wendy (P95 Epidemiology and Pharmacovigilance, Leuven)
Drikite, Laura (P95 Epidemiology and Pharmacovigilance, Leuven)
Rebry, Griet (P95 Epidemiology and Pharmacovigilance, Leuven)
Casas, Irma (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Pediatria, Obstetrícia i Ginecologia i de Medicina Preventiva i Salut Pública)
Mira Iglesias, Ainara (Instituto de Salud Carlos III)
Icardi, Giancarlo (University of Genoa)
Otero-Romero, Susana (Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron)
Baumgartner, Sebastian (Klinik Favoriten/Kaiser-Franz-Josef Hospital)
Martin, Charlotte (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels)
Holemans, Xavier (Grand Hôpital de Charleroi)
ten Kate, Gerrit Luit (University Hospital Antwerp (Bèlgica))
Bollaerts, Kaatje (P95 Epidemiology and Pharmacovigilance, Leuven)
Taylor, Sylvia (Medical Evidence, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, Cambridge)

Data:	2025
Resum:	Marketing authorization holders of vaccines typically need to report brand-specific vaccine effectiveness (VE) to the regulatory authorities as part of their regulatory obligations. COVIDRIVE (now id. DRIVE) is a European public-private partnership for respiratory pathogen surveillance and studies of brand-specific VE with long-term follow-up. We report the final VE results from a two-dose primary series AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) vaccine schedule in ≥18-year-old individuals not receiving boosters. Patients (N = 1,333) hospitalized with severe acute respiratory infection at 14 hospitals in Austria, Belgium, Italy, and Spain were included in the test-negative case-control study in 2021-2023. Absolute VE was calculated using generalized additive model (GAM), generalized estimating equation (GEE), and spline-based area under the curve (AUC, measuring VE up to 6 months after the last dose of AZD1222). Overall VE (against coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19] hospitalization) of an AZD1222 primary series was estimated as 65% using GEE (95% confidence interval [CI]: 52. 9-74. 5), and 69% using GAM (95% CI: 50. 1-80. 9) over the 22-month study period (comparator group: unvaccinated patients). The AUC of the spline-based VE estimate was 74. 1% (95% CI: 60. 0-88. 3). VE against hospitalization in study participants who received their second AZD1222 dose 2 months or less before hospitalization was 86% using GEE (95% CI: 77. 8-91. 4), 93% using GAM (95% CI: 67. 2-98. 6). During this study period, where mainly the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Omicron variant was circulating, a two-dose primary series AZD1222 vaccination conferred protection against COVID-19 hospitalization up to at least 6 months after the last dose.
Drets:	Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, la comunicació pública de l'obra i la creació d'obres derivades, fins i tot amb finalitats comercials, sempre i quan es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original.
Llengua:	Anglès
Document:	Article ; recerca ; Versió publicada
Publicat a:	European journal of public health, Vol. 35, Núm. 2 (April 2025) , p. 373-378, ISSN 1464-360X

DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckae219
PMID: 39836896

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