| Home > Articles > Published articles > Clozapine use and COVID-19 risk : |
| Date: | 2026 |
| Abstract: | Background: Clozapine's immune-modulating effects, including neutropenia and suppression of adaptive immunity, have raised concerns about its potential impact on SARS-CoV-2 infection risk and COVID-19 severity in individuals with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Findings in the literature remain inconsistent. Methods: First, we conducted a longitudinal retrospective study in which we analysed 995 outpatients with severe mental disorders receiving antipsychotic treatment to assess the association between clozapine use and SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease severity. Secondly, we performed a systematic review of the literature and searched for studies published up to July 2025 examining the link between clozapine exposure and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Eight cohort studies plus our dataset were meta-analysed using a random-effects model. Results: In our cohort, clozapine users demonstrated a higher rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection (18% vs. 10%, p < 0. 001) and increased COVID-19 severity compared to non-users. The meta-analysis comprised 155,945 participants, with individual study ORs ranging from 0. 40 to 2. 80. The pooled random-effects OR was 1. 53 (95% CI: 1. 02-2. 30, p = 0. 044), indicating a significant association between clozapine exposure and increased infection risk. However, high heterogeneity (I² = 91. 2%) suggests variation in effects across studies. Conclusions: Clozapine treatment is associated with an increased risk and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although meta-analytic results support this association, substantial heterogeneity in pooled estimates highlights the need for further research to clarify underlying clinical and methodological factors influencing risk. |
| Grants: | Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación PI25/0203 Generalitat de Catalunya 2021/SGR-01431 Generalitat de Catalunya 2021/SGR-00789 |
| Rights: | Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, la comunicació pública de l'obra i la creació d'obres derivades, fins i tot amb finalitats comercials, sempre i quan es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original. |
| Language: | Anglès |
| Document: | Article ; recerca ; Versió publicada |
| Subject: | Clozapine ; Severe mental disorder ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 ; Immunity ; Meta-analysis |
| Published in: | Psychiatry research, Vol. 359 (February 2026) , art. 117040, ISSN 1872-7123 |
10 p, 1.1 MB |