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Tunable Thermal Anisotropy Triggered by Quasi-Ballistic Heat Transport in WS Crystals
Xu, Kai (Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona)
Skorda, Stefania (National Technical University of Athens)
Xiao, Peng (Laboratoire Ondes et Matière d'Aquitaine)
Coy, Emerson (Adam Mickiewicz University (Polònia))
Cartoixà, Xavier (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica)
Rurali, Riccardo (Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona)
Reparaz, Juan Sebastián (Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona)
Sachat, Alexandros el (National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos" (Atenes, Grècia))

Date: 2025
Abstract: We investigate the influence of temperature and film thickness on the anisotropic thermal conductivity tensor of multilayer single-crystal WS2 films of varying thickness (10 nm to 2. 8 μm) across a wide temperature range (80-473 K). Experiments show that both in-plane (kr) and out-of-plane (kz) thermal conductivities increase with decreasing temperature, reaching, at 80 K in bulk WS2, values up to kr ∼ 1000 W m-1 K-1 and kz ∼ 13 W m-1 K-1. The thermal anisotropy ratio η = kr/kz in bulk rises dramatically from 30 to 78 as the temperature decreases from 460 to 80 K, driven by the suppression of kz due to phonon transport entering the quasi-ballistic regime. We further analyze the cumulative thermal conductivity as a function of phonon mean free path (MFP), showing that phonons with MFPs < 200 nm contribute to 70% of the total kz. This work provides fundamental insight into the interplay between dimensionality, temperature, and anisotropic phonon transport in two-dimensional materials, where thermal anisotropy can be strategically leveraged for performance optimization.
Grants: European Commission 101117958
Agencia Estatal de Investigación PDC2023-145934-I00
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades PID2024-162811NB-I00
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades CEX2023-001263-S
Generalitat de Catalunya 2021/SGR-01519
Rights: Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, la comunicació pública de l'obra i la creació d'obres derivades, fins i tot amb finalitats comercials, sempre i quan es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original. Creative Commons
Language: Anglès
Document: Article ; recerca ; Versió publicada
Subject: Phonon transport ; Thermal conductivity anisotropy ; Frequency-domain thermoreflectance ; WS
Published in: Nano letters, Vol. 25, Num. 44 (October 2025) , p. 16006-16012, ISSN 1530-6992

DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5c04514
PMID: 41125540


7 p, 3.7 MB

The record appears in these collections:
Articles > Research articles
Articles > Published articles

 Record created 2026-04-07, last modified 2026-05-23



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