High soil phosphorus levels overrule the potential benefits of organic farming on arbuscular mycorrhizal diversity in northern vineyards
Van Geel, Maarten (KU Leuven Campus Brussel)
Verbruggen, Erik (University of Antwerp (Bèlgica))
De Beenhouwera, Matthias (KU Leuven Campus Brussel)
van Rennes, Geurt (BeNeVit)
Lievens, Bart (KU Leuven Campus De Nayer)
Honnaya, Olivier (KU Leuven Campus Brussel)

Date:	2017
Abstract:	Organic farming is a key approach to reconcile food production, biodiversity conservation and environmental sustainability. Due to reduced inputs of agrochemicals, the success of organic farming is heavily dependent on the ecosystem services provided by the soil microbial community, and in particular by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Numerous studies have already shown that also grapevines (Vitis vinifera) depend on AMF for normal growth and development. To what extent organic agriculture benefits the AMF communities on vines at regional scales, however, is still poorly understood. Here, we first quantified the relative importance of organic management, soil chemical characteristics, and geography on vineyard AMF diversity and community composition. Second, we tested whether soil nutrients fundamentally change the host-AMF community dynamics through changing universality of dissimilarity overlap curves. To identify AMF communities, we used high-throughput pyrosequencing on 170 root samples from grapevines originating from 18 conventionally and 16 organically managed Belgian and Dutch vineyards. We found no differences in AMF diversity between conventionally and organically managed vineyards. Soil phosphorus content and soil acidity, however, was strongly negatively associated with AMF diversity. Together with management type (organic vs. conventional), these two soil variables did also explain most of the variation in AMF community composition. The observed accumulation of soil copper, used to control fungal diseases, especially in organically managed vineyards, did not affect AMF communities. We observed, however, that copper concentration in the soil increased with vineyard age, indicating copper accumulation in the soil over time. AMF communities showed a regularity in interactions among taxa and their host. Under high soil P availability, however, interactions became more irregular. The potential benefits of organic vineyard management in terms of a high diversity of AMF are highly compromised by elevated soil phosphorus levels which may jeopardize the role of these symbionts in improving plant health and soil fertility. Decreasing nutrient inputs, even organic, is a key step in developing diverse AMF communities in vineyards.
Grants:	European Commission 610028
Rights:	Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial i la comunicació pública de l'obra, sempre que no sigui amb finalitats comercials, i sempre que es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original. No es permet la creació d'obres derivades.
Language:	Anglès
Document:	Article ; recerca ; Versió acceptada per publicar
Subject:	AMF ; Biodiversity ; Bordeaux mixture ; Copper ; Eutrophication ; Vitis vinifera
Published in:	Agriculture, ecosystems & environment, Vol. 248 (Oct. 2017) , p. 144-152, ISSN 0167-8809

DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2017.07.017

Post-print 34 p, 1.5 MB

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Research literature > UAB research groups literature > Research Centres and Groups (research output) > Experimental sciences > CREAF (Centre de Recerca Ecològica i d'Aplicacions Forestals) > Imbalance-P
Articles > Research articles
Articles > Published articles