Ecotoxicological characterization of biochars : role of feedstock and pyrolysis temperature
Domene, Xavier (Xavier)
(Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia)
Enders, Akio (Cornell University)
Hanley, Kelly (Cornell University)
Lehmann, Johannes (Cornell University)
Date: |
2015 |
Abstract: |
Seven contrasting feedstocks were subjected to slow pyrolysis at low (300 or 350 °C) and high temperature (550 or 600 °C), and both biochars and the corresponding feedstocks tested for short-term ecotoxicity using basal soil respiration and collembolan reproduction tests. After a 28-d incubation, soil basal respiration was not inhibited but stimulated by additions of feedstocks and biochars. However, variation in soil respiration was dependent on both feedstock and pyrolysis temperature. In the last case, respiration decreased with pyrolysis temperature (r = − 0. 78; p < 0. 0001, n = 21) and increased with a higher volatile matter content (r = 0. 51; p < 0. 017), these two variables being correlated (r = − 0. 86, p < 0. 0001). Collembolan reproduction was generally unaffected by any of the additions, but when inhibited, it was mostly influenced by feedstock, and generally without any influence of charring itself and pyrolysis temperature. Strong inhibition was only observed in uncharred food waste and resulting biochars. Inhibition effects were probably linked to high soluble Na and NH4 concentrations when both feedstocks and biochars were considered, but mostly to soluble Na when only biochars were taken into account. The general lack of toxicity of the set of slow pyrolysis biochars in this study at typical field application rates (≤ 20 Mg ha− 1) suggests a low short-term toxicity risk. At higher application rates (20-540 Mg ha− 1), some biochars affected collembolan reproduction to some extent, but only strongly in the food waste biochars. Such negative impacts were not anticipated by the criteria set in currently available biochar quality standards, pointing out the need to consider ecotoxicological criteria either explicitly or implicitly in biochar characterization schemes or in management recommendations. |
Grants: |
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación CGL2010-15766
|
Rights: |
Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, i la comunicació pública de l'obra, sempre que no sigui amb finalitats comercials, i sempre que es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original. No es permet la creació d'obres derivades. |
Language: |
Anglès |
Document: |
Article ; recerca ; Versió acceptada per publicar |
Subject: |
Biochar ;
Ecotoxicity ;
Bioassays ;
Microorganisms ;
Soil basal respiration ;
Fauna ;
Collembolans ;
Reproduction |
Published in: |
Science of the total environment, Vol. 512-513 (April 2015) , p. 552-561, ISSN 1879-1026 |
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.035
PMID: 25647370
Post-print
47 p, 968.0 KB
|
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Record created 2015-11-12, last modified 2024-06-01