Role of soil properties in sewage sludge toxicity to soil collembolans
Domene, Xavier (Xavier) (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia)
Alcañiz, Josep M. (Josep Maria) (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia)
Àvila i Castells, Anna (Centre de Recerca Ecològica i d'Aplicacions Forestals)
Izquierdo Miguel, Rebeca (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals)
Colón Jordà, Joan (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia)

Data:	2010
Resum:	Soil properties are one of the most important factors explaining the different toxicity results found in different soils. Although there is knowledge about the role of soil properties on the toxicity of individual chemicals, not much is known about its relevance for sewage sludge amendments. In particular little is known about the effect of soil properties on the toxicity modulation of these complex wastes. In addition, in most studies on sewage sludges the identity of the main substances linked to the toxicity and the influence of soil properties on their bioavailability remains unknown. In this study, the toxicity of a sewage sludge to the soil collembolan Folsomia candida was assessed in nine natural soils from agricultural, grassland and woodland sites, together with the OECD soil. Correlations between the relative toxicity of sludge for collembolans in the different soils and their physical and chemical soil properties were assessed in order to identify the main compounds responsible for the effects observed. Furthermore, the relationships between the toxic effects to collembolans and water-soluble ions released by sludge, pH and electric conductivity were also assessed, together with the modulating effects of soil properties. Sludge toxicity was directly linked to the water extractable ammonium, which explained most of the mortality of the collembolans, and part of the inhibition of reproduction. For the last endpoint, nitrite also contributed significantly to the inhibition observed. The varied levels in water extractable ammonium in the different soils at equal dosages seem to be, in turn, modulated by some soil properties. Higher organic carbon contents were associated with lower toxicity of sludge, both for survival and reproduction, probably related to its higher ammonium sorption capacity. In addition, for reproduction, increasing the C/N ratio and pH appeared to increase the toxicity, probably due to both the greater difficultly in nitrification and the known unsuitability of alkaline soils for this species.
Ajuts:	Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología AGL2002-03297 Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación CSD2088-00040
Drets:	Tots els drets reservats.
Llengua:	Anglès
Document:	Article ; recerca ; Versió acceptada per publicar
Matèria:	Sewage sludge toxicity ; Collembolans ; Soil properties ; Soluble ions ; Ammonium ; Organic matter
Publicat a:	Soil biology and biochemistry, Vol. 42 Issue 11 (Novembre 2010) , p. 1982-1990, ISSN 0038-0717

DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.07.019

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