Detecting un-authorized genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and derived materials
Holst-Jensen, Arne (Norwegian Veterinary Institute)
Bertheau, Yves (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (França))
de Loose, Marc (Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (Belgium))
Grohmann, Lutz (Bundesamt für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit)
Hamels, Sandrine (Eppendorf Array Technologies)
Hougs, Lotte (Danish Plant Directorate)
Morisset, Dany (National Institute of Biology (Slovenia))
Pecoraro, Sven (Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority)
Pla, Maria (Centre de Recerca en Agrigenòmica)
Van den Bulcke, Marc (Institute of Health and Consumer Protection (Belgium))
Wulff, Doerte (Eurofins GeneScan)

Fecha:	2012
Resumen:	Genetically modified plants, in the following referred to as genetically modified organisms or GMOs, have been commercially grown for almost two decades. In 2010 approximately 10% of the total global crop acreage was planted with GMOs (James, 2011). More than 30 countries have been growing commercial GMOs, and many more have performed field trials. Although the majority of commercial GMOs both in terms of acreage and specific events belong to the four species: soybean, maize, cotton and rapeseed, there are another 20. + species where GMOs are commercialized or in the pipeline for commercialization. The number of GMOs cultivated in field trials or for commercial production has constantly increased during this time period. So have the number of species, the number of countries involved, the diversity of novel (added) genetic elements and the global trade. All of these factors contribute to the increasing complexity of detecting and correctly identifying GMO derived material. Many jurisdictions, including the European Union (EU), legally distinguish between authorized (and therefore legal) and un-authorized (and therefore illegal) GMOs. Information about the developments, field trials, authorizations, cultivation, trade and observations made in the official GMO control laboratories in different countries around the world is often limited, despite several attempts such as the OECD BioTrack for voluntary dissemination of data. This lack of information inevitably makes it challenging to detect and identify GMOs, especially the un-authorized GMOs. The present paper reviews the state of the art technologies and approaches in light of coverage, practicability, sensitivity and limitations. Emphasis is put on exemplifying practical detection of un-authorized GMOs. Although this paper has a European (EU) bias when examples are given, the contents have global relevance.
Ayudas:	Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación AGL2010-17181
Derechos:	Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, i la comunicació pública de l'obra, sempre que no sigui amb finalitats comercials, i sempre que es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original. No es permet la creació d'obres derivades.
Lengua:	Anglès
Documento:	Article ; recerca ; Versió publicada
Publicado en:	Biotechnology advances, Vol. 30, Issue 6 (November-December 2012) , p. 1318-1335, ISSN 0734-9750

DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.01.024

18 p, 2.7 MB

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