Inflammatory mediators and dual depression : Potential biomarkers in plasma of primary and substance-induced major depression in cocaine and alcohol use disorders
García-Marchena, Nuria (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques)
Barrera-Conde, Marta (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques)
Mestre-Pintó, Joan Ignasi (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques)
Araos, Pedro (Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga)
Serrano, Antonia (Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga)
Pérez-Mañá, Clara (Institut Germans Trias i Pujol. Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol)
Papaseit, Esther (Institut Germans Trias i Pujol. Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol)
Fonseca, Francina 1972- (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Psiquiatria i de Medicina Legal)
Ruiz, Juan Jesús (Centro Provincial de Drogodependencias. Diputación Provincial de Málaga)
Rodríguez de Fonseca, Fernando (Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga)
Farre, Magi (Institut Germans Trias i Pujol. Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol)
Pavón, Francisco Javier (Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga)
Torrens, Marta (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Psiquiatria i de Medicina Legal)

Data:	2019
Resum:	Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the most prevalent comorbid mental disorder among people with substance use disorders. The MDD can be both primary and substance-induced and its accurate diagnosis represents a challenge for clinical practice and treatment response. Recent studies reported alterations in the circulating expression of inflammatory mediators in patients with psychiatric disorders, including those related to substance use. The aim of the study was to explore TNF-α, IL-1β, CXCL12, CCL2, CCL11 (eotaxin-1) and CX3CL1 (fractalkine) as potential biomarkers to identify comorbid MDD and to distinguish primary MDD from substance-induced MDD in patients with substance disorders. Patients diagnosed with cocaine (CUD, n = 64) or alcohol (AUD, n = 65) use disorders with/without MDD were recruited from outpatient treatment programs [CUD/non-MDD (n = 31 CUD/primary MDD (n = 18 CUD/cocaine-induced MDD (N = 15 AUD/non-MDD (n = 27 AUD/primary MDD (n = 16) and AUD/alcohol-induced MDD (n = 22)]. Sixty-two healthy subjects were also recruited as control group. Substance and mental disorders were assessed according to "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4 edition, text revision" (DSM-IV-TR) and a blood sample was collected for determinations in the plasma. The cocaine group showed lower TNF-α (p<0. 05) and CCL11 (p<0. 05), and higher IL-1β (p<0. 01) concentrations than the control group. In contrast, the alcohol group showed higher IL-1β (p<0. 01) and lower CXCL12 (p<0. 01) concentrations than the control group. Regarding MDD, we only observed alterations in the cocaine group. Thus, CUD/MDD patients showed lower IL-1β (p<0. 05), CXCL12 (p<0. 05) and CCL11 (p<0. 05), and higher CXC3CL1 (p<0. 05) concentrations than CUD/non-MDD patients. Moreover, while CUD/primary MDD patients showed higher CCL11 (p<0. 01) concentrations than both CUD/non-MDD and CUD/cocaine-induced MDD patients, CUD/cocaine-induced MDD patients showed lower CXCL12 (p<0. 05) concentrations than CUD/non-MDD patients. Finally, a logistic regression model in the cocaine group identified CXCL12, CCL11 and sex to distinguish primary MDD from cocaine-induced MDD providing a high discriminatory power. The present data suggest an association between changes in inflammatory mediators and the diagnosis of primary and substance-induced MDD, namely in CUD patients.
Ajuts:	Instituto de Salud Carlos III RD12-0028-0021 Instituto de Salud Carlos III RD12-0028-0009 Instituto de Salud Carlos III RD16-0017-0001 Instituto de Salud Carlos III RD16-0017-0010 Instituto de Salud Carlos III RD16-0017-003 Instituto de Salud Carlos III PI09-02121 Instituto de Salud Carlos III PI12-01838 Instituto de Salud Carlos III PI16-01698 Instituto de Salud Carlos III PI16-01953 Instituto de Salud Carlos III CP14-00173 Instituto de Salud Carlos III CP14-00212 Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca 2017SGR316 Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca 2017SGR530
Drets:	Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, la comunicació pública de l'obra i la creació d'obres derivades, fins i tot amb finalitats comercials, sempre i quan es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original.
Llengua:	Anglès
Document:	Article ; recerca ; Versió publicada
Matèria:	Adult ; Alcoholism ; Biomarkers ; Case-Control Studies ; Cocaine-Related Disorders ; Depressive Disorder, Major ; Female ; Humans ; Inflammation Mediators ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Spain ; Substance-Related Disorders
Publicat a:	PloS one, Vol. 14 Núm. 3 (march 2019) , p. e0213791, ISSN 1932-6203

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213791
PMID: 30870525

17 p, 902.2 KB

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