Plasmodium vivax Malaria viewed through the lens of an eradicated European strain
van Dorp, Lucy (University College London. UCL Genetics Institute (UK))
Gelabert Xirinachs, Pere (Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC) (Barcelona))
Rieux, Adrien (Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (France))
de Manuel, Marc (Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC) (Barcelona))
de-Dios, Toni (Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC) (Barcelona))
Gopalakrishnan, Shyam (University of Copenhagen. The GLOBE Institute (Denmark))
Carøe, Christian (University of Copenhagen. The GLOBE Institute (Denmark))
Sandoval Velasco, Marcela (University of Copenhagen. The GLOBE Institute (Denmark))
Fregel, Rosa (Universidad de La Laguna. Departamento de Bioquímica, Microbiología, Biología Celular y Genética)
Olalde, Iñigo (Harvard Medical School. Department of Genetics (USA))
Escosa, Raúl (Consorci de Polítiques Ambientals de les Terres de l'Ebre)
Aranda Pallero, Carles (Consell Comarcal del Baix Llobregat. Servei de Control de Mosquits)
Huijben, Silvie (Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal))
Mueller, Ivo (Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal))
Marques-Bonet, Tomas, 1975- (Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont)
Balloux, François (University College London. UCL Genetics Institute (UK))
Gilbert, M. Thomas P. (University of Copenhagen. The GLOBE Institute (Denmark))
Lalueza-Fox, Carles (Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC) (Barcelona))

Data:	2020
Resum:	The protozoan Plasmodium vivax is responsible for 42% of all cases of malaria outside Africa. The parasite is currently largely restricted to tropical and subtropical latitudes in Asia, Oceania, and the Americas. Though, it was historically present in most of Europe before being finally eradicated during the second half of the 20th century. The lack of genomic information on the extinct European lineage has prevented a clear understanding of historical population structuring and past migrations of P. vivax. We used medical microscope slides prepared in 1944 from malaria-affected patients from the Ebro Delta in Spain, one of the last footholds of malaria in Europe, to generate a genome of a European P. vivax strain. Population genetics and phylogenetic analyses placed this strain basal to a cluster including samples from the Americas. This genome allowed us to calibrate a genomic mutation rate for P. vivax, and to estimate the mean age of the last common ancestor between European and American strains to the 15th century. This date points to an introduction of the parasite during the European colonization of the Americas. In addition, we found that some known variants for resistance to antimalarial drugs, including Chloroquine and Sulfadoxine, were already present in this European strain, predating their use. Our results shed light on the evolution of an important human pathogen and illustrate the value of antique medical collections as a resource for retrieving genomic information on pathogens from the past.
Ajuts:	Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca 2017/SGR-880 Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación PGC2018-095931-B-100 European Commission 681396
Drets:	Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, la comunicació pública de l'obra i la creació d'obres derivades, sempre que no sigui amb finalitats comercials, i sempre que es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original.
Llengua:	Anglès
Document:	Article ; recerca ; Versió publicada
Matèria:	Malaria ; Plasmodium vivax ; Phylogenetics ; Ancient DNA ; Population genetics
Publicat a:	Molecular biology and evolution, Vol. 37, Issue 3 (March 2020) , p. 773-785, ISSN 1537-1719

DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msz264
PMID: 31697387

13 p, 1.5 MB

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