Variations in the mineral content of bottled 'carbonated or sparkling' water across Europe : a comparison of 126 brands across 10 countries
Stoots, Simone J. M. (Amsterdam UMC. University Medical Center)
Geraghty, Rob (Freeman Hospital (Newcastle, Regne Unit))
Kamphuis, Guido M. (Amsterdam UMC. University Medical Center)
Jamnadass, Enakshee (University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust (Regne Unit))
Henderickx, Michaël M. E. L. (Amsterdam UMC. University Medical Center)
Ventimiglia, Eugenio (IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (Milà, Itàlia). Division of Experimental Oncology)
Traxer, Olivier (Sorbonne University, GRC#20 Urolithiasis, Paris, France)
Keller, Etienne Xavier (University Hospital Zurich (Suïssa))
De Coninck, Vincent (AZ Klina, Department of Urology, Brasschaat, Belgium)
Talso, Michele (ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco - Luigi Sacco Hospital)
Kallidonis, Panagiotis (University of Patras, Department of Urology, Patras, Greece)
Emiliani, Esteban (Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau)
Bres-Niewada, Ewa (Roefler Memorial Hospital, Department of Urology, Pruszków, Poland)
Karim, Sadaf S. (University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust (Regne Unit))
Piccirilli, Angela (Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau)
Vagionis, Athanasios (University of Patras, Department of Urology, Patras, Greece)
Somani, Bhaskar K. (University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust (Regne Unit))
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

Date:	2021
Abstract:	Kidney stone disease is a common disease with high recurrence rates. Sufficient intake of water is the cornerstone in primary prevention of stone disease. However, the mineral composition of water can affect urinary minerals and influence stone formation. The aim of this study is to assess the variation in the mineral composition of bottled sparkling or carbonated drinking water across Europe. The two largest supermarket chains in each participating country were visited to obtain data on mineral composition regarding bicarbonate, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium and sulphates of sparkling or carbonated waters by reading the ingredient labels on the bottles supplied by the manufacturers. Alternatively, the web-shops of these supermarkets were consulted. In total, 126 sparkling water brands across ten European countries were analysed regarding mineral composition. The median concentrations per mineral varied greatly. The greatest variation in median mineral content was found for sodium and sulphates with levels ranging from 3. 1 mg/l to 63. 0 mg/l and 6. 0 mg/l to 263. 0 mg/l respectively. A wide distribution of calcium content was found in Switzerland, with calcium levels reaching up to 581. 6 mg/l. This study confirms that the mineral composition of sparkling or carbonated water varies greatly across Europe. Patients with kidney stone disease should be aware that the mineral content of water may influence stone formation and be mindful of the great variation that exists between different water brands. Mineral water can be a source of potential promotors or inhibitors of stone formation and patients and urologists need to be mindful of this.
Rights:	Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, la comunicació pública de l'obra, i la creació d'obres derivades, sempre que no sigui amb finalitats comercials i que es distribueixin sota la mateixa llicència que regula l'obra original. Cal que es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original.
Language:	Anglès
Document:	Article ; recerca ; Versió publicada
Subject:	Urolithiasis ; Kidney stone disease ; Mineral content ; Mineral composition ; Sparkling water
Published in:	Central European Journal of Urology, Vol. 74 (february 2021) , p. 71-75, ISSN 2080-4873

DOI: 10.5173/ceju.2021.0331.R1
PMID: 33976919

5 p, 1.5 MB

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Research literature > UAB research groups literature > Research Centres and Groups (research output) > Health sciences and biosciences > Institut de Recerca Sant Pau
Articles > Research articles
Articles > Published articles