Home > Articles > Published articles > Increased Circulating Levels of Growth Differentiation Factor 15 in Association with Metabolic Disorders in People Living with HIV Receiving Combined Antiretroviral Therapy |
Date: | 2022 |
Abstract: | Objective: People living with HIV (PLWH) have an increased cardiovascular risk (CVR) owing to dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and HIV/combination antiretroviral therapy (cART)-associated lipodystrophy (HALS). Atherosclerosis and inflammation are related to growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF15). The relationship between metabolic disturbances, HALS, and CVR with GDF15 in PLWH is not known. Research design and methods: Circulating GDF15 levels in 152 PLWH (with HALS = 60, without HALS = 43, cART-naïve = 49) and 34 healthy controls were assessed in a cross-sectional study. Correlations with lipids, glucose homeostasis, fat distribution, and CVR were explored. Results: PLWH had increased circulating GDF15 levels relative to controls. The increase was the largest in cART-treated PLWH. Age, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance 1 (HOMA1-IR), HALS, dyslipidemia, C-reactive protein, and CVR estimated with the Framingham score correlated with GDF15 levels. The GDF15-Framingham correlation was lost after age adjustment. No correlation was found between GDF15 and the D:A:D Data Collection on Adverse Effects of Anti-HIV Drugs (D:A:D) score estimated CVR. CVR independent predictors were patient group (naïve, HALS−, and HALS+) and cumulated protease inhibitor or nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor exposure. Conclusions: PLWH, especially when cART-treated, has increased GDF15 levels-this increase is associated with dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, HALS, and inflammation-related parameters. GDF15 is unassociated with CVR when age-adjusted. |
Grants: | Instituto de Salud Carlos III PI14/0063 Instituto de Salud Carlos III PI14/0700 Instituto de Salud Carlos III PI016/0503 Instituto de Salud Carlos III PI17/0420 Instituto de Salud Carlos III PI17/0498 Instituto de Salud Carlos III PI20/0106 Instituto de Salud Carlos III PI20/0137 Ministerio de Sanidad y Política Social EC11-293 Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación IJC2018-037142-I Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca 2014-SGR-250 Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca 2017-SGR-948 Instituto de Salud Carlos III RD012/0017/0014 Instituto de Salud Carlos III RD12/0017/0005 |
Rights: | Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, la comunicació pública de l'obra i la creació d'obres derivades, fins i tot amb finalitats comercials, sempre i quan es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original. |
Language: | Anglès |
Document: | Article ; recerca ; Versió publicada |
Subject: | GDF15 ; Cardiovascular risk ; Framingham ; D:A:D ; Insulin resistance ; Metabolic syndrome ; HALS |
Published in: | Journal of clinical medicine, Vol. 11 (january 2022) , ISSN 2077-0383 |
13 p, 595.5 KB |