Molar enamel-dentine junction shape of Pliobates cataloniae and other Iberian pliopithecoids
Bouchet, Florian (Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont)
Zanolli, Clément (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. Université de Bordeaux)
Skinner, Matthew M. (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology)
Urciuoli, Alessandro (Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont)
Fortuny, Josep (Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont)
Almécija, Sergio (Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont)
Bernardini, Federico (Università Ca'Foscari. Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici)
Tuniz, Claudio (Centro Internazionale di Fisica Teorica "Abdus Salam")
Schillinger, Burkhard (Technische Universität München. Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum)
Moyà Solà, Salvador (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia)
Alba, David M. (Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont)

Data:	2024
Resum:	The phylogenetic relationships of the small-bodied catarrhine Pliobates cataloniae (∼11. 6 Ma, NE Iberian Peninsula) have been controversial since its original description. However, the recent report of additional dentognathic remains has supported its crouzeliid pliopithecoid status. Based on the available hypodigm, the molar enamel-dentine junction (EDJ) shape of P. cataloniae is compared with that of other pliopithecoids from the same basin as well as both extinct and extant hominoids to further evaluate its pliopithecoid affinities. We also quantitatively compare the EDJ shape among these taxa by means of landmark-based three-dimensional geometric morphometrics using principal component analysis (PCA), canonical variate analysis, and between-group PCA. Permutation tests are performed to test whether Pliobates variation exceeds that of extant hominoid genera. Results indicate that Pliobates is similar in molar EDJ shape to other pliopithecoids, particularly crouzeliids. The variation displayed by Pliobates upper molars is less marked at the EDJ level than at the outer enamel surface, probably owing to differential enamel wear and intraspecific differences in enamel thickness. Multivariate analyses of EDJ shape show that all pliopithecoids (including Pliobates) cluster together in the PCAs, canonical variate analyses, and between-group PCAs and occupy a different portion of the morphospaces from extinct and extant hominoids. Posterior and typicality probabilities strongly support the classification of Pliobates as a pliopithecoid, wheras permutation tests fail to reject the single-genus hypothesis for the P. cataloniae hypodigm. We conclude that P. cataloniae is a crouzeliid pliopithecoid, as recently supported by cladistic analyses of craniodental characters, and that previous cladistic results that supported a stem hominoid status are attributable to postcranial convergences with crown hominoids. Our results further highlight the potential of three-dimensional geometric morphometrics analyses of the EDJ shape for better informing fossil primate alpha-taxonomy by means of quantitatively testing hypotheses about tooth shape variation.
Ajuts:	Agencia Estatal de Investigación PID2020-117289GB-I00 Agencia Estatal de Investigación PID2020-117118GB-I00 Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca 2022/SGR-00620 Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca 2022/SGR-01184 Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca 2022/SGR-01188 Generalitat de Catalunya CLT009/18/00071 Generalitat de Catalunya CLT0009_22_000018 Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación PRE2018-083299 Agencia Estatal de Investigación RYC2021-032857-I European Commission 819960
Nota:	Altres ajuts: CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya
Drets:	Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, i la comunicació pública de l'obra, sempre que no sigui amb finalitats comercials, i sempre que es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original. No es permet la creació d'obres derivades.
Llengua:	Anglès
Document:	Article ; recerca ; Versió acceptada per publicar
Matèria:	Tooth endostructure ; Geometric morphometrics ; Pliopithecoidea ; Crouzeliidae ; Miocene ; Spain
Publicat a:	Journal of Human Evolution, Vol. 195 (October 2024) , art. 103581, ISSN 1095-8606

DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103581

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