The 3Rs in Experimental Liver Disease
Martinez-Lopez, Sebastian (Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche)
Ángel-Gomis, Enrique (Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche)
Sánchez, Elisabet (Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau)
Pastor-Campos, Alberto (Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche)
Picó, Joanna (Hospital General Universitario de Alicante (Alacant, País Valencià))
Gomez-Hurtado, Isabel (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas)
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

Date:	2023
Abstract:	Patients with cirrhosis present multiple physiological and immunological alterations that play a very important role in the development of clinically relevant secondary complications to the disease. Experimentation in animal models is essential to understand the pathogenesis of human diseases and, considering the high prevalence of liver disease worldwide, to understand the pathophysiology of disease progression and the molecular pathways involved, due to the complexity of the liver as an organ and its relationship with the rest of the organism. However, today there is a growing awareness about the sensitivity and suffering of animals, causing opposition to animal research among a minority in society and some scientists, but also about the attention to the welfare of laboratory animals since this has been built into regulations in most nations that conduct animal research. In 1959, Russell and Burch published the book "The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique", proposing that in those experiments where animals were necessary, everything possible should be done to try to replace them with non-sentient alternatives, to reduce to a minimum their number, and to refine experiments that are essential so that they caused the least amount of pain and distress. In this review, a comprehensive summary of the most widely used techniques to replace, reduce, and refine in experimental liver research is offered, to assess the advantages and weaknesses of available experimental liver disease models for researchers who are planning to perform animal studies in the near future.
Grants:	Agencia Estatal de Investigación PID2019-107036RB-I00 Instituto de Salud Carlos III PMP21/00082
Rights:	Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, la comunicació pública de l'obra i la creació d'obres derivades, fins i tot amb finalitats comercials, sempre i quan es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original.
Language:	Anglès
Document:	Article de revisió ; recerca ; Versió publicada
Subject:	Disease ; Liver ; Reduction ; Refinement ; Replacement ; Research
Published in:	Animals, Vol. 13 Núm. 14 (july 2023) , p. 2357, ISSN 2076-2615

DOI: 10.3390/ani13142357
PMID: 37508134

32 p, 931.3 KB

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Research literature > UAB research groups literature > Research Centres and Groups (research output) > Health sciences and biosciences > Institut de Recerca Sant Pau
Articles > Research articles
Articles > Published articles