Exploring potential associations between the human microbiota and reservoir of latent HIV
Marín-Sánchez, Nel (Institut Germans Trias i Pujol. Institut de Recerca de la Sida IrsiCaixa)
Paredes, Roger (Institut Germans Trias i Pujol. Institut de Recerca de la Sida IrsiCaixa)
Borgognone, Alessandra (Institut Germans Trias i Pujol. Institut de Recerca de la Sida IrsiCaixa)

Date:	2024
Abstract:	Background: The rapid establishment and persistence of latent HIV-1 reservoirs is one of the main obstacles towards an HIV cure. While antiretroviral therapy supresses viral replication, it does not eradicate the latent reservoir of HIV-1-infected cells. Recent evidence suggests that the human microbiome, particularly the gut microbiome, may have the potential to modulate the HIV-1 reservoir. However, literature is limited and the exact mechanisms underlying the role of the microbiome in HIV immunity and potential regulation of the viral reservoir remain poorly understood. Results: Here, we review updated knowledge on the associations between the human microbiome and HIV reservoir across different anatomical sites, including the gut, the lungs and blood. We provide an overview of the predominant taxa associated with prominent microbiome changes in the context of HIV infection. Based on the current evidence, we summarize the main study findings, with specific focus on consistent bacterial and related byproduct associations. Specifically, we address the contribution of immune activation and inflammatory signatures on HIV-1 persistence. Furthermore, we discuss possible scenarios by which bacterial-associated inflammatory mediators, related metabolites and host immune signatures may modulate the HIV reservoir size. Finally, we speculate on potential implications of microbiome-based therapeutics for future HIV-1 cure strategies, highlighting challenges and limitations inherent in this research field. Conclusions: Despite recent advances, this review underscores the need for further research to deepen the understanding of the complex interplay between the human microbiome and HIV reservoir. Further integrative multi-omics assessments and functional studies are crucial to test the outlined hypothesis and to identify potential therapeutic targets ultimately able to achieve an effective cure for HIV.
Grants:	European Commission 847943
Rights:	Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, la comunicació pública de l'obra i la creació d'obres derivades, fins i tot amb finalitats comercials, sempre i quan es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original.
Language:	Anglès
Document:	Article de revisió ; recerca ; Versió publicada
Subject:	HIV reservoir ; Human microbiome ; Bacterial inflammatory mediators ; Microbial byproducts ; Microbiomebased therapies
Published in:	Retrovirology, Vol. 21 Núm. 1 (November 2024) , p. 21, ISSN 1742-4690

DOI: 10.1186/s12977-024-00655-w
PMID: 39614246

12 p, 1.3 MB

The record appears in these collections:
Research literature > UAB research groups literature > Research Centres and Groups (research output) > Health sciences and biosciences > Institut d'Investigació en Ciencies de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP)
Articles > Research articles
Articles > Published articles