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| Pàgina inicial > Articles > Articles publicats > The optimal is not always the best : |
| Data: | 2025 |
| Resum: | Energy system optimization models (ESOMs) can be used to guide long-term energy transitions but often overlook environmental impacts and the diversity of solutions close to the cost-optimal one. Here, we combine an ESOM using Modelling to Generate Alternatives (MGA) with Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to evaluate 260 near-optimal and technologically diverse carbon-neutral energy system designs for Portugal in 2050 across five environmental indicators: climate change, land use, water use, ecotoxicity, and materials. Using the Calliope energy modelling framework and ENBIOS for environmental assessment, we find that system designs whose cost is within 10 % of the minimum feasible cost provide up to 50 % lower environmental impacts. Our results reveal a trade-off between technological diversity and environmental performance, showing that while diversity enhances resilience, this may come with a significant increase in environmental drawbacks. Solar photovoltaic and battery technologies dominate the environmental impacts, particularly in water consumption and critical material use. This study shows that traditional cost-optimal energy system designs may not be environmentally optimal. Exploring near-optimal alternatives reveals lower-impact solutions and supports more inclusive planning for energy transitions. |
| Ajuts: | Agencia Estatal de Investigación PCI2020-120710-2 European Commission 837089 Agencia Estatal de Investigación PID2020-119565RJ-I00 Agencia Estatal de Investigación TED2021-132032A-I00 Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación CEX2019-0940-M Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca 2021/SGR-00734 Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca 2024/FI-100741 |
| Nota: | Altres ajuts: acords transformatius de la UAB |
| Nota: | Unidad de excelencia María de Maeztu CEX2019-000940-M |
| Drets: | Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, i la comunicació pública de l'obra, sempre que no sigui amb finalitats comercials, i sempre que es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original. No es permet la creació d'obres derivades. |
| Llengua: | Anglès |
| Document: | Article ; recerca ; Versió publicada |
| Matèria: | Energy system optimization models ; Energy transition ; Environmental impacts ; Life cycle assessment ; Technological diversity ; SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy ; SDG 12 - Responsible Consumption and Production ; SDG 13 - Climate Action ; SDG 15 - Life on Land |
| Publicat a: | Applied Energy, Vol. 399 (December 2025) , art. 126487, ISSN 1872-9118 |
10 p, 4.7 MB |