Sex Differences in Parkinson's Disease : A Narrative Review
Cattaneo, Carlo (Zambon SpA)
Pagonabarraga Mora, Javier (Institut de Recerca Sant Pau)
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

Date:	2025
Abstract:	Sex differences in epidemiology, clinical features, and therapeutical responses are emerging in several movement disorders, even though they are still not widely recognized. Parkinson's disease (PD) is not an exception: men and women suffering from PD have different levels of disability. Research has been performed using multiple databases and scientific journals; this review summarizes the available evidence on sex differences in PD regarding epidemiology, risk factors, genetics, clinical phenotype, social impact, and therapeutic management. The role of hormones in determining such differences is also briefly discussed. The results confirm the existence of differences between men and women in PD; women have a higher risk of developing disabling motor complications and non-motor fluctuations compared to men, while men have a higher risk of developing cognitive impairment, postural instability, and gait disorders. Improving our knowledge in these differences may result in the implementation of strategies for disease-tailored treatment and management.
Rights:	Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, la comunicació pública de l'obra i la creació d'obres derivades, sempre que no sigui amb finalitats comercials, i sempre que es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original.
Language:	Anglès
Document:	Article de revisió ; recerca ; Versió publicada
Subject:	Estrogen ; Motor symptoms ; Non-motor symptoms ; Parkinson's disease ; Sex differences
Published in:	Neurology and Therapy, Vol. 14 Núm. 1 (february 2025) , p. 57-70, ISSN 2193-6536

DOI: 10.1007/s40120-024-00687-6
PMID: 39630386

14 p, 395.8 KB

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Research literature > UAB research groups literature > Research Centres and Groups (research output) > Health sciences and biosciences > Institut de Recerca Sant Pau
Articles > Research articles
Articles > Published articles