Climatic oscillations, dispersibility and adaptability behind worldwide mountain radiations of the Helichrysum-Anaphalis-Pseudognaphalium (HAP) clade (Compositae)
Blanco-Gavaldà, Carme (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia)
Onstein, Renske E. (German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Alemanya))
Valente, Luis (University of Groningen. Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences)
Janzen, Thijs (University of Groningen. Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences)
Andres-Sanchez, Santiago (Universidad de Salamanca. Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal)
Bergh, Nicola (South African National Biodiversity Institute)
Calleja Alarcón, Juan Antonio (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Departamento de Botánica)
Carnicero, Pau (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia)
Castillo, Oscar (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia)
Cron, Glynis (University of the Witwatersrand)
Leliaert, Frederik (Meise Botanic Garden (Belgium))
Moreyra, Lucia D. (Institut Botànic de Barcelona)
Puig-Surroca, Genis (Institut Botànic de Barcelona)
Razafimandimbison, Sylvain G. (Swedish Museum of Natural History)
Susanna, Alfonso (Institut Botànic de Barcelona)
Roquet, Cristina (Institut Botànic de Barcelona)
Galbany-Casals, Mercè (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia)

Data:	2025
Resum:	Background and Aims. - Mountain ecosystems are recognized as biodiversity hotspots. However, the origins of their remarkable diversity remain unresolved. We explore this question by focusing on the HAP clade (Helichrysum-Anaphalis-Pseudognaphalium), a megadiverse lineage within the family Compositae that spans tropical and temperate mountain and lowland systems worldwide. The existence of multiple high-elevation clades provides an opportunity to address hypotheses regarding the impact of trait innovation, climatic oscillations, dispersal and niche lability in the diversification of mountain lineages. Methods. - To investigate the biogeographical history and diversification dynamics of the HAP clade, we built a time-calibrated phylogeny of 560 taxa (62 % of the species) based on 989 nuclear loci. We examined the frequency of inter-mountain dispersal and lowland-to-mountain transitions and vice versa, tested whether diversification rates were dependent on time, climate or species diversity, and assessed the impact of bract colour on diversification rates using state-dependent speciation-extinction models. Additionally, we reconstructed the evolutionary history of two functional traits (bract colour, life form) and ecological preferences (elevational range, habitat) and explored potential correlations between them. Key Results. - The HAP clade extensively speciated during the Pleistocene, when net diversification rates nearly quadrupled, coinciding with parallel mountain radiations on multiple continents. The clade followed a pattern of nested radiations, with southern African mountains serving as the initial diversity source and other mountain systems acting primarily as sinks. High-elevation ecosystems also contributed to lowland biodiversity. Diversification rates in high elevations are independent of bract colour, yet significant trait-environment associations were supported. Functional traits and ecological preferences evolved repeatedly, with a tendency toward montane open habitat ecologies and chamaephytic life forms. Conclusions. - Our findings suggest that mountains do not fit the classic island model for the HAP clade due to its high permeability across heterogeneous environments, high dispersibility, and ability to thrive in both high and low elevations. However, the clade's evolutionary lability enabled repeated trait acquisition, niche shifts and microhabitat specialization. This, coupled with Pleistocene climatic instability, probably played a significant role in driving allopatric and ecological speciation at different geographical scales.
Ajuts:	Agencia Estatal de Investigación PID2019-105583GB-C22 Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca 2021/SGR-00315 Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca 2022/FI_B00150
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Llengua:	Anglès
Document:	Article ; recerca ; Versió acceptada per publicar
Matèria:	Achyrocline ; Anaphalis ; HAP clade ; Helichrysum ; Pleistocene ; Pseudognaphalium ; Adaptability ; Diversification ; High elevation ; Long-distance dispersal ; Radiations ; Specialization ; SDG 13 - Climate Action
Publicat a:	Annals of botany, (May 2025) , art. mcaf110, ISSN 1095-8290

DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcaf110
PMID: 40447279

63 p, 1.8 MB

Disponible a partir de: 2026-05-31 Postprint

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