Development and Application of a 3D-Printed Microfluidic Sulfide-Selective Sensor for Online Monitoring of a Hydrogenotrophic Sulfidogenic Bioreactor
Cueto Ferreira, David Camilo (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental)
Baeza Labat, Juan Antonio (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental)
Gabriel, David (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental)
Baeza, Mireia (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Química)

Data:	2026
Resum:	A sulfide online-monitoring system (S-OMS) was developed using a 3D-printed microfluidic platform to monitor sulfide in bioreactors. The S-OMS consisted of an electrochemical cell in which a microdevice was 3D-printed with co-polyester filaments and used an internal silver/silver sulfide (Ag/AgS) working electrode and a commercial, external silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) reference electrode. The analytical evaluation showed a wide linear range (1. 5-30,400 mg L) with repeatability and reproducibility presenting relative standard deviations of less than 5%. The S-OMS remained stable during working periods ranging from 16 h to 8 days, depending on the operation mode. Real samples from a sulfate-reducing bioreactor were used to validate the S-OMS, and the results were compared with those of a commercial sulfide ion-selective electrode (S-ISE), yielding a good linear correlation (R = 0. 92). Moreover, a t-test revealed no significant statistical difference between the two analytical methods. The bioreactor operation resulted in a high sulfate reduction rate and in the accumulation of total sulfide, as measured with the S-OMS, in the bioreactor. However, the HS inhibition was offset by an increase in pH and volatile suspended solids (VSS) throughout the operation. Overall, the S-OMS demonstrated robust analytical performance and operational suitability for online monitoring of sulfide in sulfide-producing bioreactors.
Ajuts:	Agencia Estatal de Investigación PID2021-126253OB-C21
Drets:	Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, la comunicació pública de l'obra i la creació d'obres derivades, fins i tot amb finalitats comercials, sempre i quan es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original.
Llengua:	Anglès
Document:	Article ; recerca ; Versió publicada
Matèria:	Sulfide measurement ; 3D printing ; Sulfidogenic reactors ; Online monitoring ; Electrochemical analytical techniques
Publicat a:	Nanomaterials, Vol. 16, Num. 3 (February 2026) , art. 209, ISSN 2079-4991

DOI: 10.3390/nano16030209

17 p, 2.0 MB

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