Distinct microbial mediators link diet to inflammation in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis
Mayorga, Luis (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona)
Noguera Segura, Arnau (Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR))
Campderrós, Laura (Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR))
Pons-Tarin, Marc (Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR))
Soler, Zaida (Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR))
Vega-Abellaneda, Sara (Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR))
Serrano-Gómez, Gerard (Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR))
Herrera-deGuise, Claudia (Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron)
Robles-Alonso, Virginia (Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron)
Borruel, Natalia (Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron)
Manichanh, Chaysavanh

Data:	2026
Resum:	Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) arises from complex interactions among diet, host and gut microbiome. Although diet influences intestinal inflammation, the microbial and metabolic pathways involved, and their differences between Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), the two main subtypes of IBD remain unclear. Objective To investigate how the gut microbiome mediates the effects of habitual diet on inflammatory activity in IBD. Design This longitudinal study included 198 adults (100 healthy controls, 49 CD, 49 UC), participants completed a validated food frequency questionnaire. Dietary quality was evaluated using established indices (Alternative Mediterranean Diet, Healthy Eating Index-2015, Índice de Alimentación Saludable, Mean Adequacy Ratio, Plant-Based Dietary Indexes, Healthy Food Diversity). Participants also provided two stool samples (baseline and 6months). Shotgun metagenomics (n=366) enabled taxonomic and functional profiling. Causal mediation analyses were used to identify microbial features mediating the effect of diet on inflammation. Results IBD patients exhibited lower dietary diversity, fibre intake and nutritional adequacy compared with controls. Microbiome diversity was lowest in CD, intermediate in UC and correlated positively with higher intake of fibre, fruit, vegetables and nuts, and negative with processed foods and sugary beverages. Causal mediation analyses revealed that in CD, coffee, whole wheat bread and healthier diets lowered the Harvey-Bradshaw index through specific bacterial species and metabolites. In UC, Mediterranean-like diets, fruits and coffee reduced C reactive protein via greater microbial richness, reduced dysbiosis and short-chain fatty acid-related functions. Conclusion Diet quality influences inflammation in IBD through distinct microbiome pathways: specific taxa and metabolites mediate effects in CD, whereas microbial richness and global composition drive protection in UC.
Ajuts:	Instituto de Salud Carlos III PI20/00130 Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad PID23-147387OB-100 Generalitat de Catalunya 2021/SGR-00459
Drets:	Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, la comunicació pública de l'obra i la creació d'obres derivades, sempre que no sigui amb finalitats comercials, i sempre que es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original.
Llengua:	Anglès
Document:	Article ; recerca ; Versió publicada
Publicat a:	Gut, January 2026, ISSN 1468-3288

DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2025-337480

11 p, 3.2 MB

El registre apareix a les col·leccions:
Articles > Articles de recerca
Articles > Articles publicats