Social dimensions of fertility behavior and consumption patterns in the Anthropocene
Barrett, Scott (Columbia University. School of International and Public Affairs)
Dasgupta, Aisha (United Nations. Department of Economic and Social Affairs)
Dasgupta, Partha (Cambridge University. Faculty of Economics)
Adger, W. Neil (University of Exeter. College of Life and Environmental Science)
Anderies, John M. (Arizona State University. School of Sustainability)
van den Bergh, Jeroen C. J. M. (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals)
Bledsoe, Caroline (Northwestern University. Anthropology Department)
Bongaarts, John (Population Council, New York)
Carpenter, Stephen (University of Wisconsin. Center for Limnology)
Chapin III, F. Stuart (University of Alaska Fairbanks. Institute of Arctic Biology)
Crépin, Anne-Sophie (Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics)
Daily, Gretchen (Stanford University. Department of Biological Sciences)
Ehrlich, Paul (Stanford University. Department of Biological Sciences)
Folke, Carl (Stockholm University. Stockholm Resilience Centre)
Kautsky, Nils (Stockholm University. Department of Systems Ecology)
Lambin, Eric F. (Université Catholique de Louvain)
Levin, Simon A. (Princeton University. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology)
Mäler, Karl-Göran (Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics)
Naylor, Rosamond (Stanford University. Earth System Science)
Nyborg, Karine (University of Oslo. Department of Economics)
Polasky, Stephen (University of Minnesota. Department of Applied Economics)
Scheffer, Marten (Wageningen University. Department of Environmental Sciences)
Shogren, Jason (University of Wyoming. Department of Economics)
Jørgensen, Peter Søgaard (Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere)
Walker, Brian (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation. Land and Water)
Wilen, James (University of California. Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics)

Data:	2020
Resum:	We consider two aspects of the human enterprise that profoundly affect the global environment: population and consumption. We show that fertility and consumption behavior harbor a class of externalities that have not been much noted in the literature. Both are driven in part by attitudes and preferences that are not egoistic but socially embedded; that is, each household's decisions are influenced by the decisions made by others. In a famous paper, Garrett Hardin [G. Hardin, Science 162, 1243-1248 (1968)] drew attention to overpopulation and concluded that the solution lay in people "abandoning the freedom to breed. " That human attitudes and practices are socially embedded suggests that it is possible for people to reduce their fertility rates and consumption demands without experiencing a loss in wellbeing. We focus on fertility in sub-Saharan Africa and consumption in the rich world and argue that bottom-up social mechanisms rather than top-down government interventions are better placed to bring about those ecologically desirable changes.
Nota:	Unidad de excelencia María de Maeztu CEX2019-000940-M
Drets:	Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, i la comunicació pública de l'obra, sempre que no sigui amb finalitats comercials, i sempre que es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original. No es permet la creació d'obres derivades.
Llengua:	Anglès
Document:	Article ; recerca ; Versió publicada
Matèria:	Fertility ; Consumption ; Socially embedded preferences
Publicat a:	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Vol. 117, Num. 12 (March 2020) , p. 6300-6307, ISSN 1091-6490

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1909857117
PMID: 32165543

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