New Insights into Treating Early and Advanced Stage Diabetic Retinopathy
Simó Canonge, Rafael (Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR))
Hernández, Cristina (Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR))
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

Data:	2022
Resum:	Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of preventable blindness in the working-age population. The disease progresses slowly, and we can roughly differentiate two stages: early-stage (ESDR), in which there are mild retinal lesions and visual acuity is generally preserved, and advanced-stage (ASDR), in which the structural lesions are significant and visual acuity is compromised. At present, there are no specific treatments for ESDR and the current recommended action is to optimize metabolic control and maintain close control of blood pressure. However, in the coming years, it is foreseeable that therapeutic strategies based in neuroprotection will be introduced in the clinical arena. This means that screening aimed at identifying patients in whom neuroprotective treatment might be beneficial will be crucial. Regarding the treatment of ASDR, the current primary course is based on laser photocoagulation and intravitreal injections of anti-angiogenic factors or corticosteroids. Repeated intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF agents as the first-line treatment would be replaced by more cost-effective and personalized treatments based on the results of "liquid biopsies" of aqueous humor. Finally, topical administration (i. e. , eye drops) of neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic agents will represent a revolution in the treatment of DR in the coming decade. In this article, all these approaches and others will be critically discussed from a holistic perspective.
Ajuts:	Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad PID2019-104225RB-100 Instituto de Salud Carlos III ICI20/00129 Instituto de Salud Carlos III PI19/01215
Drets:	Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, la comunicació pública de l'obra i la creació d'obres derivades, fins i tot amb finalitats comercials, sempre i quan es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original.
Llengua:	Anglès
Document:	Article de revisió ; recerca ; Versió publicada
Matèria:	Diabetic macular edema ; Diabetic retinopathy ; Eye drops ; Intravitreal injections ; Retinal neuroprotection ; Treatment
Publicat a:	International journal of molecular sciences, Vol. 23 Núm. 15 (august 2022) , p. 8513, ISSN 1422-0067

DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158513
PMID: 35955655

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