Different Sensitivity of Flower-Visiting Diptera to a Neonicotinoid Insecticide : Expanding the Base for a Multiple-Species Risk Assessment Approach
Henriques Martins, Cátia Ariana (Università di Bologna. Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Alimentari)
Azpiazu, Celeste (Centre de Recerca Ecològica i d'Aplicacions Forestals)
Bosch, Jordi 1961- (Centre de Recerca Ecològica i d'Aplicacions Forestals)
Burgio, Giovanni (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna. Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari)
Dindo, Maria Luisa (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna. Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari)
Francati, Santolo (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna. Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari)
Sommaggio, Daniele (Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia. Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita)
Sgolastra, Fabio (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna. Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari)

Data:	2024
Resum:	Insect pollinators play an essential service in agricultural systems, but are commonly exposed to pesticides. Although pollinators are present in several insect orders, above all dipterans, information on pesticide sensitivity is mostly restricted to bees. We assessed the sensitivity of two hoverflies (Sphaerophoria rueppellii, Eristalinus aeneus) and one tachinid fly (Exorista larvarum) to a neonicotinoid insecticide (Confidor ®, imidacloprid). We adapted the standardized methodology of acute contact exposure in honey bees to build dose-response curves and calculate median lethal doses (LD) for the three species. S. rueppelli was the most sensitive, E. aeneus the least. Results were compared with those available in the literature for other pollinator species using a species sensitivity distribution (SSD) approach: as a result, the 95th percentile of pollinator species would be protected by a safety factor of 100 times the Apis mellifera endpoint. Dipterans were less sensitive to imidacloprid than most bee species. We measured the number of eggs laid following exposure to different insecticide doses and assessed the potential trade-off between oviposition and survival through the sublethal sensitivity index (SSI). Pesticide exposure had a significant effect on fecundity, and SSI values indicated that oviposition is a sensitive endpoint for the three dipteran species tested. Insects play an essential role as pollinators of wild flowers and crops. At the same time, pollinators in agricultural environments are commonly exposed to pesticides, compromising their survival and the provision of pollination services. Although pollinators include a wide range of species from several insect orders, information on pesticide sensitivity is mostly restricted to bees. In addition, the disparity of methodological procedures used for different insect groups hinders the comparison of toxicity data between bees and other pollinators. Dipterans are a highly diverse insect order that includes some important pollinators. Therefore, in this study, we assessed the sensitivity of two hoverflies (Sphaerophoria rueppellii, Eristalinus aeneus) and one tachinid fly (Exorista larvarum) to a neonicotinoid insecticide (Confidor ®, imidacloprid) following a comparative approach. We adapted the standardized methodology of acute contact exposure in honey bees to build dose-response curves and calculate median lethal doses (LD) for the three species. The methodology consisted in applying 1 µL of the test solution on the thorax of each insect. Sphaerophoria rueppelli was the most sensitive species (LD = 10. 23 ng/insect), and E. aeneus (LD = 18,176 ng/insect) the least. We then compared our results with those available in the literature for other pollinator species using species sensitivity distribution (SSD). Based on the SSD curve, the 95th percentile of pollinator species would be protected by a safety factor of 100 times the Apis mellifera endpoint. Overall, dipterans were less sensitive to imidacloprid than most bee species. As opposed to most bee species, oviposition and fecundity of many dipteran species can be reliably assessed in the laboratory. We measured the number of eggs laid following exposure to different insecticide doses and assessed the potential trade-off between oviposition and survival through the sublethal sensitivity index (SSI). Exposure to imidacloprid had a significant effect on fecundity, and SSI values indicated that oviposition is a sensitive endpoint for the three dipteran species tested. Future studies should integrate this information related to population dynamics in simulation models for environmental risk assessment.
Drets:	Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, la comunicació pública de l'obra i la creació d'obres derivades, fins i tot amb finalitats comercials, sempre i quan es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original.
Llengua:	Anglès
Document:	Article ; recerca ; Versió publicada
Matèria:	Pollinators ; Diptera ; Species sensitivity distribution ; Neonicotinoid pesticide ; Fecundity
Publicat a:	Insects, Vol. 15, Issue 5 (May 2024) , art. 317, ISSN 2075-4450

DOI: 10.3390/insects15050317
PMID: 38786873

17 p, 1.5 MB

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