Chasing the mechanisms of ecologically adaptive salinity tolerance
Busoms, Silvia (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia)
Fischer, Sina (University of Nottingham)
Yant, Levi (University of Nottingham)

Data:	2023
Resum:	Plants adapted to challenging environments offer fascinating models of evolutionary change. Importantly, they also give information to meet our pressing need to develop resilient, low-input crops. With mounting environmental fluctuation-including temperature, rainfall, and soil salinity and degradation-this is more urgent than ever. Happily, solutions are hiding in plain sight: the adaptive mechanisms from natural adapted populations, once understood, can then be leveraged. Much recent insight has come from the study of salinity, a widespread factor limiting productivity, with estimates of 20% of all cultivated lands affected. This is an expanding problem, given increasing climate volatility, rising sea levels, and poor irrigation practices. We therefore highlight recent benchmark studies of ecologically adaptive salt tolerance in plants, assessing macro- and microevolutionary mechanisms, and the recently recognized role of ploidy and the microbiome on salinity adaptation. We synthesize insight specifically on naturally evolved adaptive salt-tolerance mechanisms, as these works move substantially beyond traditional mutant or knockout studies, to show how evolution can nimbly "tweak" plant physiology to optimize function. We then point to future directions to advance this field that intersect evolutionary biology, abiotic-stress tolerance, breeding, and molecular plant physiology. Adaptive natural responses to saline soils serve as powerful examples of evolutionary change and allow inference for rational crop development. Mechanistic insight into these evolved responses has increased dramatically, with notable progress in our understanding of the effects of polyploidy and the microbiome. This review synthesizes these works, highlighting benchmark studies deconstructing mechanisms of adaptation using genomic, functional, and ecological approaches.
Drets:	Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, la comunicació pública de l'obra i la creació d'obres derivades, fins i tot amb finalitats comercials, sempre i quan es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original.
Llengua:	Anglès
Document:	Article de revisió ; recerca ; Versió publicada
Matèria:	Adaptation ; Salinity ; Polyploidy ; Microbiome ; Evolution ; Ecology
Publicat a:	Plant Communications, Vol. 4, Issue 6 (Novmber 2023) , art. 100571, ISSN 2590-3462

DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100571
PMID: 36883005

21 p, 830.7 KB

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