Differential effects of motor cortical excitability and plasticity in young and old individuals : a Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) study
Bashir, Shahid (King Saud University. Department of Physiology)
Perez, Jennifer M. (Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation. Department of Neurology)
Horvath, Jared C. (University of Melbourne. Psychological Sciences)
Pena-Gomez, Cleofe (Universitat de Barcelona. Departament de Psiquiatria i de Psicobiologia Clínica)
Vernet, Marine (Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation. Department of Neurology)
Capia, Anuhya (DBerenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation. Department of Neurology)
Alonso-Alonso, Miguel (Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation. Department of Neurology)
Pascual Leone, Álvaro (Institut Germans Trias i Pujol. Institut Guttmann)
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

Data:	2014
Resum:	Aging is associated with changes in the motor system that, over time, can lead to functional impairments and contribute negatively to the ability to recover after brain damage. Unfortunately, there are still many questions surrounding the physiological mechanisms underlying these impairments. We examined cortico-spinal excitability and plasticity in a young cohort (age range: 19-31) and an elderly cohort (age range: 47-73) of healthy right-handed individuals using navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS). Subjects were evaluated with a combination of physiological [motor evoked potentials (MEPs), motor threshold (MT), intracortical inhibition (ICI), intracortical facilitation (ICF), and silent period (SP)] and behavioral [reaction time (RT), pinch force, 9 hole peg task (HPT)] measures at baseline and following one session of low-frequency (1 Hz) navigated repetitive TMS (rTMS) to the right (non-dominant) hemisphere. In the young cohort, the inhibitory effect of 1 Hz rTMS was significantly in the right hemisphere and a significant facilitatory effect was noted in the unstimulated hemisphere. Conversely, in the elderly cohort, we report only a trend toward a facilitatory effect in the unstimulated hemisphere, suggesting reduced cortical plasticity and interhemispheric communication. To this effect, we show that significant differences in hemispheric cortico-spinal excitability were present in the elderly cohort at baseline, with significantly reduced cortico-spinal excitability in the right hemisphere as compared to the left hemisphere. A correlation analysis revealed no significant relationship between cortical thickness of the selected region of interest (ROI) and MEPs in either young or old subjects prior to and following rTMS. When combined with our preliminary results, further research into this topic could lead to the development of neurophysiological markers pertinent to the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of neurological diseases characterized by monohemispheric damage and lateralized motor deficits.
Drets:	Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, la comunicació pública de l'obra i la creació d'obres derivades, fins i tot amb finalitats comercials, sempre i quan es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original.
Llengua:	Anglès
Document:	Article ; recerca ; Versió publicada
Matèria:	Aging ; Motor system ; Cortico-spinal reactivity ; Cortico-spinal plasticity ; Navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation
Publicat a:	Frontiers in aging neuroscience, Vol. 6 (june 2014) , ISSN 1663-4365

DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00111
PMID: 24959141

13 p, 2.0 MB

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