Natural Selection in the Great Apes
Cagan, Alexander (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. Department of Evolutionary Genetics)
Theunert, Christoph (University of California. Department of Integrative Biology)
Laayouni, Hafid (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia)
Santpere, Gabriel (Yale University School of Medicine. Department of Neuroscience)
Pybus, Marc (Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC) (Barcelona))
Casals, Ferran (Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut)
Prüfer, Kay (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. Department of Evolutionary Genetics)
Navarro, Arcadi, 1969- (Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats)
Marques-Bonet, Tomas 1975- (Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats)
Bertranpetit, Jaume (University of Cambridge. Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies)
Andrés, Aida M. (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. Department of Evolutionary Genetics)

Data:	2016
Resum:	Natural selection is crucial for the adaptation of populations to their environments. Here, we present the first global study of natural selection in the Hominidae (humans and great apes) based on genome-wide information from population samples representing all extant species (including most subspecies). Combining several neutrality tests we create a multi-species map of signatures of natural selection covering all major types of natural selection. We find that the estimated efficiency of both purifying and positive selection varies between species and is significantly correlated with their long-term effective population size. Thus, even the modest differences in population size among the closely related Hominidae lineages have resulted in differences in their ability to remove deleterious alleles and to adapt to changing environments. Most signatures of balancing and positive selection are species-specific, with signatures of balancing selection more often being shared among species. We also identify loci with evidence of positive selection across several lineages. Notably, we detect signatures of positive selection in several genes related to brain function, anatomy, diet and immune processes. Our results contribute to a better understanding of human evolution by putting the evidence of natural selection in humans within its larger evolutionary context. The global map of natural selection in our closest living relatives is available as an interactive browser at .
Ajuts:	Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad BFU2013-43726-P Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca 2014/SGR-866 Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad BFU2014-55090 European Commission 233297 European Commission 260372
Drets:	Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, la comunicació pública de l'obra i la creació d'obres derivades, fins i tot amb finalitats comercials, sempre i quan es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original.
Llengua:	Anglès
Document:	Article ; recerca ; Versió publicada
Matèria:	Evolution ; Adaptation ; Comparative genomics ; Primates
Publicat a:	Molecular biology and evolution, Vol. 33, Núm. 12 (desembre 2016) , p. 3268-3283, ISSN 1537-1719

DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msw215
PMID: 27795229

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