Impact of transposable elements on polyploid plant genomes
Vicient Sánchez, Carlos M. (Centre de Recerca en Agrigenòmica)
Casacuberta i Suñer, Josep M. 1962- (Centre de Recerca en Agrigenòmica)

Data:	2017
Resum:	Background: the growing wealth of knowledge on whole-plant genome sequences is highlighting the key role of transposable elements (TEs) in plant evolution, as a driver of drastic changes in genome size and as a source of an important number of new coding and regulatory sequences. Together with polyploidization events, TEs should thus be considered the major players in evolution of plants. -- Scope: this review outlines the major mechanisms by which TEs impact plant genome evolution and how polyploidy events can affect these impacts, and vice versa. These include direct effects on genes, by providing them with new coding or regulatory sequences, an effect on the epigenetic status of the chromatin close to genes, and more subtle effects by imposing diverse evolutionary constraints to different chromosomal regions. These effects are particularly relevant after polyploidization events. Polyploidization often induces bursts of transposition probably due to a relaxation in their epigenetic control, and, in the short term, this can increase the rate of gene mutations and changes in gene regulation due to the insertion of TEs next to or into genes. Over longer times, TE bursts may induce global changes in genome structure due to inter-element recombination including losses of large genome regions and chromosomal rearrangements that reduce the genome size and the chromosome number as part of a process called diploidization. - Conclusions: TEs play an essential role in genome and gene evolution, in particular after polyploidization events. Polyploidization can induce TE activity that may explain part of the new phenotypes observed. TEs may also play a role in the diploidization that follows polyploidization events. However, the extent to which TEs contribute to diploidization and fractionation bias remains unclear. Investigating the multiple factors controlling TE dynamics and the nature of ancient and recent polyploid genomes may shed light on these processes.
Ajuts:	Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad AGL2016-78992-R Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad SEV-2015-0533 Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad AGL2013-43244-R
Drets:	Tots els drets reservats.
Llengua:	Anglès
Document:	Article ; recerca ; Versió acceptada per publicar
Matèria:	Transposable element ; Plant genome ; Polyploidization ; Silencing ; Genome stress ; Exaptation ; Genome dominance ; Diploidization ; Fractionation bias ; Neofunctionalization ; Chromosomal rearrangement
Publicat a:	Annals of botany, Vol. 120, issue 2 (Aug. 2017) , p. 195-207, ISSN 1095-8290

DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcx078
PMID: 28854566

Post-print 42 p, 1.9 MB

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