| Resum: |
The outsourcing is a growing process in Spain since the 90s with the beginning of the privatization of the public sector and the decentralization of production and services in the private sector. Nowadays, the 30% of Spanish companies are involved in outsourcing processes (European Company Survey, 2013). Some studies on the Spanish case point to an increase in outsourcing processes in companies from 80% from 2007 to 2014 (López, 2015). According to this study, Spanish businesspersons recognize that the economic offer is the main reason to select a supplier. We understand that outsourcing has become a key tool to reduce costs during the period of economic crisis. However, it is not only an economic issue. Outsourcing has become another tool to make work processes more flexible and transfer the risk of labor conflicts to other organizations. In this way, the greater adaptability, performance and lower labor cost of the employees in these supplier companies consequently improves the productivity of the client organizations, which focus on their central functions. Outsourcing was already a prominent phenomenon since the early 1980s in the industry worldwide and, specifically, in Spain, especially in the manufacturing sector. During the 90s and, moreover, since the beginning of the 2000s, outsourcing became an incipient practice also in the service sector, both internationally and in Spain. Thus, this phenomenon concerns not only blue collar activities, but, in this new wave of outsourcing, has an effect on occupations traditionally considered white collar. In that regard, collective bargaining system is gradually introducing clauses regulating outsourcing and mechanisms aimed to solve the problem of the determination of the collective agreement applicable to outsourced workers, particularly for those in facility management companies. Taking in consideration RECOVER project classifies the different outsourced activities by its level of qualification and its implementation on-site or off-site, we highlighted some of the main outsourced services in Spain: communication, logistics, security, cleaning, health services and IT. From those, we selected Journalism (a high-qualified activity with occupations implemented both on -site and off-site) and Chambermaids (a low qualified activity implemented in the establishment of the client company). |
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